Table 6 Impacts of cattle diseases on performance parameters
Disease | Performance parameter | Impact in diseased animal |
|---|---|---|
Foot and mouth disease | Milk yield | Acute drop (80%) and slow recovery over 105 days, 14.8% reduction over whole lactation (dairy cows) and 19.3% reduction over whole lactation (beef cows)a |
Reproduction | 10% of cows abortb | |
Heifer replacements | 7.5% decrease in ADG, so age at first calving delayed to 28.1 mo (dairy heifers), and 19.3% decrease in ADG, so age at first calving delayed to 50.0 mo (beef heifers) | |
Cow mortality | 10% of infected cows culledb | |
Heifer mortality | 3% increase | |
Bull mortality | 3% increase | |
Beef cattle ADG | 19.3% decrease in pre-weaning ADG; 5% decrease post-weaning | |
Brucellosis | Milk yield | 15.0% reduction over whole lactation (dairy and beef)c |
Reproduction | 15% of cows abort, calving interval increased by 2 mo in cows that abort, 20% of aborting cows permanently sterilec | |
Heifer replacements | Greater numbers required to replace cows that are sterile or diec | |
Cow mortality | 1% of cows that abort, die (0.15%)c | |
Heifer mortality | 10% mortality in calves from infected cowsc | |
Bull mortality | 10% mortality in calves from infected cowsc | |
Beef cattle ADG | 15.0% decrease in pre-weaning ADG; 5% decrease post-weaning | |
Anthrax | Milk yield | 40.0% reduction over whole lactation as cows assumed to die, on average at 150 d into lactation (dairy and beef) |
Reproduction | N/A | |
Heifer replacements | Greater numbers required to replace cows that are sterile or die | |
Cow mortality | Dependent on ingestion of anthrax spores | |
Heifer mortality | Dependent on ingestion of anthrax spores | |
Bull mortality | Dependent on ingestion of anthrax spores | |
Lumpy skin disease | Milk yield | Acute drop (83.2%) for 70 d, 19.6% reduction over whole lactation (dairy cows) and 37.5% reduction over whole lactation (beef cows)d |
Reproduction | 20% of cows abort, calving interval increased by 3 mo in 50% of cows, 10% of bulls culled because of orchiditise | |
Heifer replacements | Greater numbers required to replace cows that are sterile or die | |
Cow mortality | Up to 5%, plus 5% culled due to chronic complications, 7% overall averagef | |
Heifer mortality | Up to 5%f | |
Bull mortality | Up to 5%f | |
Beef cattle ADG | 5.9% decrease in pre-weaning ADG based on 32% of pre-weaning growth affected by milk yield decrease and milk accounting for 50% of intake |