Drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) - producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species from the views of one-health approach in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abayneh, Mengistu; Zeynudin, Ahmed; Tamrat, Rahel; Tadesse, Mulualem; Tamirat, Abraham

doi:10.1186/s42522-023-00088-z

One Health Outlook

Table 2 Estimated AMR gram-negative bacteria isolated from humans, animals/food, and the environment

From: Drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) - producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species from the views of one-health approach in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bacterial type	Sources of isolates	# of isolates	Types of antibiotics and estimated resistance (95% CI)
Bacterial type	Sources of isolates	# of isolates	AMP	AMC	CRO	CTX	CTZ	CEF	CIP	CN	SXT	MRP
E. coli	Human	312	0.89 (0.81, 0.94)	0.77 (0.65, 0.86)	0.79 (0.65, 0.88)	0.74 (0.58, 0.85)	0.79 (0.65, 0.88)	0.76 (0.61, 0.87)	0.77 (0.63, 0.87)	0.73 (0.56, 0.85)	0.83 (0.72, 0.91)	0.19 (0.03, 0.67)
	Animal/ Food	201	0.79 (0.68, 0.87)	0.50 (0.31, 0.69)	0.25 (0.07, 0.59)	0.31 (0.11, 0.62)	0.43 (0.22, 0.67)	ND	0.29 (0.10, 0.61)	0.27 (0.09, 0.60)	0.51 (0.31, 0.71)	ND
	Environment	93	0.78 (0.67, 0.85)	0.61 (0.47, 0.73)	0.63 (0.50, 0.75)	0.41(0.25, 0.60)	0.47 (0.31, 0.63)	0.57 (0.43, 0.70)	0.54 (0.40, 0.69)	0.48 (0.32, 0.64)	0.61(0.48, 0.73)	0.26 (0.11, 0.50)
Klebsiella spp	Human	226	0.71 (0.55, 0.84)	0.80 (0.68, 0.88)	0.80 (0.67, 0.88)	0.74 (0.59, 0.85)	0.80 (0.67, 0.88)	0.79 (0.66, 0.88)	0.73 (0.58, 0.85)	0.78 (0.65, 0.87)	0.82 (0.71, 0.90)	0.38 (0.14, 0.70)
	Animal/ Food	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	150	0.82 (0.72, 0.89)	0.68 (0.54, 0.79)	0.60 (0.44, 0.74)	0.52 (0.34, 0.69)	0.44 (0.25, 0.65)	0.52 (0.34, 0.69)	0.59 (0.43, 0.74)	0.58 (0.41, 0.73)	0.70 (0.57, 0.81)	0.44 (0.25, 0.65)
Pseudomonas spp	Human	257	0.79 (0.67, 0.87)	0.70 (0.54, 0.82)	0.75 (0.61, 0.85)	0.34 (0.12, 0.66)	0.71 (0.55, 0.82)	0.50 (0.28, 0.72)	0.71 (0.56, 0.83)	0.69 (0.52, 0.81)	0.73 (0.59, 0.84)	0.55 (0.33, 0.74)
	Animal/ Food		ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	106	0.57 (0.42, 0.71)	0.33 (0.16, 0.55)	0.59 (0.44, 0.72)	0.61 (0.46, 0.73)	0.54 (0.39, 0.69)	0.63 (0.49, 0.75)	0.66 (0.53, 0.77)	0.46 (0.29, 0.63)	0.64 (0.50, 0.75)	0.38 (0.21, 0.58)
Acinetobacter spp	Human	199	0.68 (0.52, 0.80)	0.66 (0.50, 0.79)	0.78 (0.67, 0.87)	0.79 (0.67, 0.87)	0.82 (0.72, 0.89)	0.73 (0.60, 0.83)	0.78 (0.66, 0.86)	0.79 (0.67, 0.87)	0.82 (0.72, 0.89)	0.64 (0.48, 0.78)
	Animal/ Food	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	133	0.70 (0.57, 0.80)	0.62 (0.46, 0.75)	0.81 (0.71, 0.88)	0.74 (0.62, 0.83)	0.77 (0.66, 0.85)	0.82 (0.72, 0.89)	0.74 (0.63, 0.83)	0.78 (0.67, 0.86)	0.84 (0.75, 0.90)	0.55 (0.38, 0.71)
Salmonella spp	Human	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Animal/ Food	136	0.66 (0.52, 0.78)	0.61 (0.45, 0.74)	0.24 (0.08, 0.53)	ND	ND	ND	ND	0.39 (0.21, 0.61)	0.63 (0.48, 0.76)	ND
	Environment	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Proteus spp	Human	44	0.76 (0.66, 0.83)	0.54 (0.42, 0.66)	0.61 (0.49, 0.71)	0.32 (0.20, 0.48)	0.59 (0.47, 0.80)	0.62 (0.51, 0.72)	0.56 (0.44, 0.67)	0.46 (0.33, 0.59)	0.76 (0.66, 0.83)	ND
	Animal/ Food	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	17	0.28 (0.18, 0.39)	0.48 (0.38, 0.58)	0.15 (0.08, 0.37)	ND	ND	0.08 (0.03, 0.18)	0.22 (0.13, 0.34)	0.33 (0.23, 0.45)	0.58 (0.48, 0.68)	ND
Citrobacter spp	Human	23	1.00 (0.96, 1.00)	0.68 (0.59, 0.77)	0.61 (0.51, 0.70)	ND	0.47 (0.36, 0.58)	0.51 (0.40, 0.61)	0.40 (0.29, 0.62)	0.47 (0.36, 0.58)	0.61 (0.51, 0.70)	ND
	Animal/ Food	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	54	0.67 (0.56, 0.77)	0.51 (0.38, 0.64)	0.14 (0.05, 0.35)	ND	ND	ND	0.36 (0.22, 0.52)	0.33 (0.20, 0.50)	0.44 (0.30, 0.58)	ND
Enterobacter spp	Human	33	0.61(0.50, 0.71)	0.50 (0.39, 0.62)	0.68 (0.57, 0.76)	ND	0.63 (0.53, 0.73)	0.57 (0.46, 0.67)	0.38 (0.26, 0.51)	0.50 (0.39, 0.62)	0.61 (0.51, 0.71)	ND
	Animal/ Food	-	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
	Environment	38	0.59 (0.48, 0.69)	0.24 (0.13, 0.40)	0.20 (0.09, 0.37)	0.04 (0.01, 0.22)	0.04 (0.01, 0.22)	0.34 (0.21, 0.48)	0.27 (0.16, 0.43)	0.47 (0.34, 0.59)	0.56 (0.44, 0.67)	0.24 (0.13, 0.40)

NBAMP Ampicillin, AMC Amoxicillin-clavunilic acid, CRO Ceftriaxone, CAZ Ceftazidime, CTX Cefotaxime, CEF Cefepime, CIP Ciprofloxacin, CN Gentamycin, SXT Trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole, MRP Meropenem, and Pooled prevalence of AMR was not calculated for Shigella spp. (n = 24), Serratia spp. (n = 33), Providentia spp (n = 37) and Morganella spp (n = 19) because, the total number of isolates tested for antimicrobial resistance from a two or more sources was < 50. “ND” was used to indicate susceptibility testing was not performed to calculate pooled prevalence of AMR

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