Table 1 Prevalence of dental fluorosis among humans (N = 186), cattle (N = 23) and goats (N = 123) on Gihaya Island, Rwanda, 2018 (based on the Dean’s Fluorosis Index)
From: Dental fluorosis among people and livestock living on Gihaya Island in Lake Kivu, Rwanda
|  | Absent/Questionable | Very mild | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Total | p–value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) | Â | |||||
Humans | |||||||
 Gendera | |||||||
  Male | 9 (10.3) | 3 (3.4) | 8 (9.2) | 48 (55.2) | 19 (21.8) | 78 (89.6) | 0.9 |
  Female | 8 (8.3) | 3 (3.1) | 11 (11.5) | 57 (59.4) | 17 (17.7) | 88 (96.6) | |
  Total | 17 (9.3) | 6 (3.3) | 19 (10.4) | 105 (57.4) | 36 (19.7) | 166 (90.7) | |
Livestock | |||||||
 Type | |||||||
  Goats | 11 (10.8) | NA | 74 (72.5) | 17 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 91 (89.2) |  < 0.001 |
  Cattle | 19 (82.6) | NA | 4 (17.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (17.4) | |
  Total | 30 (24.0) | NA | 78 (62.4) | 17 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 95 (76.0) | |
 Sex | |||||||
  Male | 1 (33.3) | NA | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (66.4) | 0.3 |
  Female | 29 (23.8) | NA | 77 (63.1) | 16 (13.1) | 0 (0) | 93 (76.2) | |
  Total | 30 (24.0) | NA | 78 (62.4) | 17 (13.6) | 0 (0) | 95 (76.0) | |