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Table 6 Univariate analysis of risk factors for contamination with DEC

From: Prevalence, diversity of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and associated risk factors in well water  in Ile-Ife, Southwestern Nigeria

Characteristics

No (N = 87)

Yes (N = 56)

Total (N = 143)

p-value

Wards

   

0.183a

 Ilode 1

11.0 (12.6%)

7.0 (12.5%)

18.0 (12.6%)

 

 Ilode 2

37.0 (42.5%)

12.0 (21.4%)

49.0 (34.3%)

 

 Moore

13.0 (14.9%)

12.0 (21.4%)

25.0 (17.5%)

 

 Okerewe 1

16.0 (18.4%)

15.0 (26.8%)

31.0 (21.7%)

 

 Okerewe 2

4.0 (4.6%)

5.0 (8.9%)

9.0 (6.3%)

 

 Okerewe 3

6.0 (6.9%)

5.0 (8.9%)

11.0 (7.7%)

 

Age of well owners (Mean ± SD; years)

44.3 ± 16.3

48.1 ± 17.9

45.8 ± 17

0.200b

Number of years in resisdence (Mean ± SD; years)

16.58 ± 18.6

12.7 ± 14.8

14.2 ± 16.4

0.168b

Age of wells (Mean ± SD; years)

25.4 ± 20.2

17.5 ± 22.2

20.6 ± 21.7

0.033b

Depth of wells (Mean ± SD; Feet)

25.8 ± 19.5

31.5 ± 23.5

29.3 ± 22.1

0.128b

Well undercut by erosion

   

0.018a

 No

76.0 (87.4%)

40.0 (71.4%)

116.0 (81.1%)

 

 Yes

11.0 (12.6%)

16.0 (28.6%)

27.0 (18.9%)

 

Gender

   

0.053a

 Female

70.0 (80.5%)

37.0 (66.1%)

107.0 (74.8%)

 

 Male

17.0 (19.5%)

19.0 (33.9%)

36.0 (25.2%)

 

Religion

   

0.621a

 Christianity

69.0 (80.2%)

42.0 (76.4%)

111.0 (78.7%)

 

 Islam

14.0 (16.3%)

12.0 (21.8%)

26.0 (18.4%)

 

 Traditionalist

3.0 (3.5%)

1.0 (1.8%)

4.0 (2.8%)

 

Level of education

   

0.334a

 Primary

16.0 (20.5%)

8.0 (16.7%)

24.0 (19.0%)

 

 Secondary

35.0 (44.9%)

28.0 (58.3%)

63.0 (50.0%)

 

 Tertiary

27.0 (34.6%)

12.0 (25.0%)

39.0 (31.0%)

 

Covered

   

0.227a

 Covered

70.0 (80.5%)

38.0 (67.9%)

108.0 (75.5%)

 

 Open

7.0 (8.0%)

8.0 (14.3%)

15.0 (10.5%)

 

 Partially covered

10.0 (11.5%)

10.0 (17.9%)

20.0 (14.0%)

 

Presence of septic tank

   

0.005a

 No

64.0 (76.2%)

30.0 (53.6%)

94.0 (67.1%)

 

 Yes

20.0 (23.8%)

26.0 (46.4%)

46.0 (32.9%)

 

Keeping of pets

   

0.035a

 No

64.0 (76.2%)

32.0 (59.3%)

96.0 (69.6%)

 

 Yes

20.0 (23.8%)

22.0 (40.7%)

42.0 (30.4%)

 

Proximity of livestock to well

   

0.265a

 No

65.0 (74.7%)

37.0 (66.1%)

102.0 (71.3%)

 

 Yes

22.0 (25.3%)

19.0 (33.9%)

41.0 (28.7%)

 

Proximity of waste dump site to well

   

0.578a

 No

84.0 (96.6%)

53.0 (94.6%)

137.0 (95.8%)

 

 Yes

3.0 (3.4%)

3.0 (5.4%)

6.0 (4.2%)

 

Proximity of well to farm

   

0.198a

 No

79.0 (90.8%)

54.0 (96.4%)

133.0 (93.0%)

 

 Yes

8.0 (9.2%)

2.0 (3.6%)

10.0 (7.0%)

 

Residence type

   

0.012a

 Flat

45.0 (51.7%)

17.0 (30.4%)

62.0 (43.4%)

 

 Tenement

42.0 (48.3%)

39.0 (69.6%)

81.0 (56.6%)

 

Occupation

   

0.131a

 Artisan

60.0 (69.0%)

40.0 (71.4%)

100.0 (69.9%)

 

 Civil servant

18.0 (20.7%)

10.0 (17.9%)

28.0 (19.6%)

 

 Religious leader

2.0 (2.3%)

3.0 (5.4%)

5.0 (3.5%)

 

 Student

6.0 (6.9%)

0.0 (0.0%)

6.0 (4.2%)

 

 Unemployed

1.0 (1.1%)

3.0 (5.4%)

4.0 (2.8%)

 

Dirty platform

   

<  0.001a

 No

72.0 (82.8%)

32.0 (57.1%)

104.0 (72.7%)

 

 Yes

15.0 (17.2%)

24.0 (42.9%)

39.0 (27.3%)

 

Hospitalization in last year

   

0.542a

 No

67.0 (83.8%)

43.0 (79.6%)

110.0 (82.1%)

 

 Yes

13.0 (16.2%)

11.0 (20.4%)

24.0 (17.9%)

 

Marital status

   

0.045a

 Married

75.0 (86.2%)

54.0 (96.4%)

129.0 (90.2%)

 

 Single

12.0 (13.8%)

2.0 (3.6%)

14.0 (9.8%)

 
  1. aPearson chi-square test; bStudent t test