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Table 4 Fluoride level in local foods Gihaya Island, Rwanda (2018, 2019)

From: Dental fluorosis among people and livestock living on Gihaya Island in Lake Kivu, Rwanda

 

Fluoride content (mg/g)

Samples

1st test

2nd test

3rd test

Mean F−

SD

Raw foods

 Beans (fresh)

0.56

0.52

0.64

0.57

0.06

 Bean leaves

0.91

0.96

0.98

0.94

0.03

 Cassava roots

3.85 × 10–2

4.57 × 10–2

4.32 × 10–2

4.24 × 10–2

4.5 × 10–3

 Cassava leaves

0.84

0.88

0.77

0.82

0.05

 Small fishes

1.03

1.08

1.06

1.05

0.02

Cooked foods

 Beans HH1a

0.19

0.18

0.19

0.19

0.005

 Beans HH2

0.23

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.005

 Porridge HH1

0.51

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.005

 Porridge HH2

0.47

0.47

0.46

0.47

0.005

 Ugali HH1

0.12

0.12

0.13

0.12

0.005

 Ugali HH2

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0

 Green banana HH1

0.20

0.21

0.21

0.20

0.005

 Green banana HH2

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0

 Fish HH1

0.38

0.37

0.36

0.37

0.01

 Fish HH2

0.16

0.16

0.15

0.16

0.005

 Green marog HH1

0.30

0.31

0.31

0.31

0.005

Other samples

 Grass

0.17

0.16

0.18

0.17

0.01

 Soil

0.25

0.39

0.32

0.32

0.07

  1. aHH Household number
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