Table 1 Factors associated with HEV IgG positivity in humans
From: Sero-molecular epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in pigs and human contacts in Ghana
| Variable | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 334 | 210 | |
| Age group (a) | < 0.001* | ||
| 13–32 | 192 (59.1) | 63 (30.3) | |
| 33–52 | 87 (26.8) | 77 (37) | |
| 53–90 | 46 (14.2) | 68 (32.7) | |
| Highest educational level | < 0.001* | ||
| No formal school education | 122 (36.5) | 129 (61.4) | |
| Tertiary | 27 (8.1) | 8 (3.8) | |
| Middle School | 17 (5.1) | 5 (2.4) | |
| Junior High School | 69 (20.7) | 26 (12.4) | |
| Senior High School | 43 (12.9) | 11 (5.2) | |
| Primary School | 56 (16.8) | 31 (14.8) | |
| Religion | < 0.001* | ||
| No religion | 5 (1.5) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Christian | 229 (68.6) | 115 (54.8) | |
| Muslim | 73 (21.9) | 48 (22.9) | |
| Traditional | 27 (8.1) | 40 (19) | |
| Gender (a) | 0.179 | ||
| Female | 137 (41.3) | 98 (47.6) | |
| Male | 195 (58.7) | 108 (52.4) | |
| Marital status of respondent | < 0.001* | ||
| Single | 106 (31.9) | 30 (14.6) | |
| Married | 210 (63.3) | 164 (80) | |
| Cohabiting | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Divorced | 6 (1.8) | 2 (1) | |
| Separated | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Widowed | 4 (1.2) | 8 (3.9) | |
| Region | < 0.001* | ||
| Ashanti | 53 (15.9) | 21 (10) | |
| Greater Accra | 23 (6.9) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Northern Region | 29 (8.7) | 33 (15.7) | |
| Upper East | 167 (50) | 146 (69.5) | |
| Volta Region | 62 (18.6) | 6 (2.9) | |
| Do you use pipe as your source of water (a) | 0.022* | ||
| No | 267 (80.2) | 185 (88.1) | |
| Yes | 66 (19.8) | 25 (11.9) | |
| Do you use a well as your source of water (a) | 0.54 | ||
| No | 264 (79.3) | 161 (76.7) | |
| Yes | 69 (20.7) | 49 (23.3) | |
| Do you use a borehole as your source of water (a) | < 0.001* | ||
| No | 150 (45) | 62 (29.5) | |
| Yes | 183 (55) | 148 (70.5) | |
| Do you have toilet facility in your home (a) | 0.035* | ||
| No | 168 (50.6) | 126 (60.3) | |
| Yes | 164 (49.4) | 83 (39.7) | |
| Do you use stream as your source of water (a) | 0.015* | ||
| No | 324 (97.3) | 210 (100) | |
| Yes | 9 (2.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Do you consume pork (a) | |||
| No | 134 (40.2) | 199 (59.8) | |
| Yes | 81 (38.6) | 129 (61.4) | 0.766 |
| Contact with Pigs | |||
| No | 184 (55.1) | 96 (45.7) | 0.041* |
| Yes | 150 (44.9) | 114 (54.3) | |