Fig. 3
From: Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface
Impacts of different control measures on incidence of a zoonotic infection with initial value of R (i.e. before control) between 0 and 1. Panel a illustrates the effects of control on the total incidence expected in a focal population, whereas panel b shows the proportional reduction in expected incidence when compared to the incidence level without control (black line). In a, the black line shows how the expected total incidence increases nonlinearly with R, for a fixed rate of zoonotic spillover. Colored lines show the total incidence that would result from interventions that cause 50% reductions in spillover transmission (red), human-to-human transmission (blue), or both types of transmission (purple). Green lines show the incidence resulting from a reactive intervention strategy, where effort is focused on reducing spillover transmission but is shifted to reducing human-to-human transmission once an outbreak is detected. The three green lines show the total incidence resulting when control is shifted after one, two, or three generations of transmission among humans, respectively from top to bottom