Integration mechanism | Challenge | References |
---|---|---|
Interconnectivity | Heterogeneity of data sources may affect the results of the system. | [78] |
Limited knowledge of terms of reference, surveillance procedures, and case definitions. | [50] | |
False positives. | ||
Interoperability | Linkage and management of heterogeneous data. | |
Slow adoption of technologies. | [52] | |
Limited resources. | ||
The installation of systems can be complex and expensive. | [80] | |
Semantic consistency | Heterogeneity of data sources may affect the results of the system. | [121] |
Low compliance with standard operational procedures. | ||
Incomplete integration. | ||
Convergent | Poor data management systems. | |
Limited laboratory capacity. | ||
Different data and reporting policies among participating institutions. | [108] | |
Quantity and complex nature of data. | [76] | |
Organizational and structural barriers. | ||
Incomplete integration. | ||
Limited awareness of the standard case definition of a disease. | [36] |