Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among humans, chickens and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria

Table 2 Resistance determinants detected in ESBL-EC isolates from humans, chickens and farm/market environment in Abuja - Nigeria, 2019

Antibiotic class^a	Resistance determinants of ESBL-EC isolates (no of isolates)^b
Aminoglycoside	aadA1 (6), aadA2 (4), aadA5 (3), aac(3)-IIa (4), aac(3)-IId (11), aac(3)-Ib (1), aac(6)-Ib-cr (1), aph(3)-Ia (6), aph(3)-Ib (25), aph(6)-Id (22)
β-lactamases	blaTEM-1 (33), blaTEM-20 (1), blaOXA-1 (1), blaOXA-129 (1), blaCTX-M-15 (3), blaCTX-M-65 (1)
Colistin	mcr-1.1 (1)
Macrolide	mdfA (34), mphA (11), mphB (1)
Phenicol	cmlA1 (2), catA1 (4), catA2 (1), catB3 (1), floR (6)
Rifampicin	ARR-3 (1)
Quinolone	qnrB1 (1), qnrB19 (6), qnrS1 (24), qnrS2 (2), aac(6)-Ib-cr (1)
Sulphonamide	sul1 (7), sul2 (30), sul3 (3)
Tetracycline	tetA (31), tetB (3)
Trimethoprim	dfrA1 (3), dfrA12 (3), dfrA14 (23), dfrA17 (4), dfrA21 (1)

^aDrugs corresponding to each antibiotic class used in our study are as follows: aminoglycosides, streptomycin, gentamicin; beta-lactams, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime; quinolones, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin; phenicols, chloramphenicol; sulfonamides and trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Sulfisoxazole; tetracyclines, tetracycline; macrolides, azithromycin.
^bThe number of isolates carrying each resistance determinant are presented in parentheses

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